Women are twice as likely as men to have major depressive disorder (MDD) during their lifetimes, and women are particularly at risk during the menopausal transition (including perimenopause and early menopause), which can last [...]
 Multiple studies have demonstrated that the menopausal transition is associated with a 2- to 4-fold increased risk for clinically significant depressive symptoms. There have been several studies suggesting that hormone therapy may improve depressive [...]
 Previous studies have indicated that depression during the perimenopausal transition is associated with various risk factors, including previous history of depression, poor physical health, and more severe perimenopausal symptoms.  A recent study (reviewed here) [...]
Estrogens have neuroprotective and antidepressant effects. Â During the perimenopause, when estrogen levels fluctuate and then fall significantly, women are more vulnerable to depression and cognitive deficits. Â A recent study has investigated the association between age [...]
A growing body of research indicates that the menopausal transition is a period of increased vulnerability to depressive illness. Â Some women have experienced episodes of major depressive disorder (MDD) earlier in life and experience recurrent [...]
Because women appear to be at increased risk for new onset and recurrent depression as they transition into the menopause, it has been hypothesized that declining ovarian function -- or estrogen "withdrawal" -- may trigger [...]
Here's a new way to look at hot flashes. How much do they cost our society in terms of additional health care and lost productivity?
