PMS AND PMDD

PMDD pathophysiology is rooted in GABAA receptor sensitivity changes caused by rapid changes in ALLO levels. Targeting GABAA receptors may alleviate the occurrence of PMDD.

INFERTILITY AND MENTAL HEALTH

PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS DURING PREGNANCY

Pregnant women who had experienced abuse during childhood had EPDS scores 2.79 points higher than pregnant women without such experiences, and those who lacked emotional support during adulthood had EPDS scores 4.96 points higher than their counterparts.

Women with poor mental health ‘have 50% higher risk of preterm birth’ (The Guardian)

Postpartum Insomnia and Poor Sleep Quality Are Longitudinally Predictive of Postpartum Mood Symptoms

The prevalence of insomnia was 20.4%, and the prevalence of poor sleep quality was 67.8% across the first 6 months postpartum. Postpartum insomnia and poor sleep quality at the between-subject and within-subject levels tended to uniquely predict greater depressive and anxiety symptoms, even after controlling for demographic characteristics, prenatal insomnia, and prenatal poor sleep quality.

Perinatal Depression: A Review and an Update.

Perinatal Depression Treatment Guidelines for Obstetric Providers.

MEDICATIONS AND PREGNANCY

POSTPARTUM PSYCHIATRIC ILLNESS

Depression and anxiety disorders during the postpartum period in women diagnosed with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

A total of 16.76 % of the women with an ADHD diagnosis were also diagnosed with depression disorders in the postpartum period, prevalence ratio (PR) 5.09 (95 % confidence interval (CI), 4.68-5.54). A total of 24.92 % of the women with an ADHD diagnosis were also diagnosed with anxiety disorders in the postpartum period, PR 5.41 (5.06-5.78).

Perinatal Depression Screening Among Sexual Minority Women.

Sexual minority women were more likely to be screened for depression during postpartum care (odds ratio, 1.77; 95% CI, 1.22-2.52; P = .002) and more likely to screen positive for depression during the postpartum period (odds ratio, 2.38; 95% CI, 0.99-5.02; P = .03) than heterosexual women.

Duration and timing of depression and risk of family dissolution: A register-based cohort study of newly-formed Danish families.

Depression shortly after family formation carried higher risk of family dissolution; this risk was 42.3 % (95 % CI 38.4-46.3 %) for depression experienced in the first year of family formation versus 32.9 % (95 % CI 31.8-34.0 %) in the fifth year of family formation.

Postpartum psychosis: A proposed treatment algorithm

Evidence points to a combination of antipsychotics and lithium in the acute treatment of PPP. Electroconvulsive therapy can offer a rapid treatment response where required. Lithium appears to have the best evidence for relapse prevention and prophylaxis in PPP.

Online Public Health Nurse-Delivered Group Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Postpartum Depression: A Randomized Controlled Trial During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Experimental group participants showed clinically and statistically significant reductions on the EPDS (d = 0.65) and decreases in postpartum worry (d = 0.38) and rejection and pathological anger toward their infant (d = 0.44). They were also less likely to meet diagnostic criteria for current MDD compared to control participants (OR = 5.09; 95% CI, 1.18-21.98; number needed to treat [NNT: 3.7]). These improvements remained stable 6 months later (T3).

The Potential Power of Virtual Group CBT.

Effect of the INTER-ACT lifestyle intervention on maternal mental health during the first year after childbirth: A randomized controlled trial.

Receiving the INTER-ACT postpartum lifestyle intervention showed improvement in depressive symptoms, in normal weight or overweight women on the short run, as well as improvement in sense of coherence in women with pre-pregnancy overweight only.

Dairy products intake and the risk of postpartum depression among mothers: A pilot study.

Higher total dairy intake was associated with a lower likelihood of postpartum depression.

MEDICATIONS AND BREASTFEEDING

PERINATAL SUBSTANCE USE

MATERNAL MENTAL HEALTH AND CHILD OUTCOMES

Six distinct neonatal neurobehavioral profiles were identified, including two dysregulated profiles: a hypo-aroused profile (16%) characterized by lethargy, hypotonicity, and nonoptimal reflexes; and a hyper-aroused profile (6%) characterized by high arousal, excitability, and stress, with low regulation and poor movement quality. Infants in the hypo-aroused profile were more likely to be male, have younger mothers, and have mothers who were depressed prenatally. Infants in the hyper-aroused profile were more likely to be Hispanic/Latino and have mothers who were depressed or used tobacco prenatally.

Mother-infant interaction and infant development in women at risk of postpartum psychosis with and without a postpartum relapse.

Women at-risk-of-PP as a group, regardless of whether they developed a psychiatric relapse within 4 weeks after delivery, had less synchronous mother-infant interactions and had infants with less optimal cognitive, language, motor and socio-emotional development than healthy controls.

MENOPAUSE AND MENTAL HEALTH

OTHER TOPICS IN WOMEN’S MENTAL HEALTH

This review summarizes the available evidence on strategies that may improve pharmacotherapy for women and provides evidence-based recommendations to optimize treatment for women with schizophrenia.

Why are females less likely to be diagnosed with ADHD in childhood than males?