• major malformations

    Essential Reads: Modafinil and Armodafinil During Pregnancy Associated with Increased Risk of Malformations

    Modafinil (brand name Provigil) and armodafinil (Nuvigil) are wake-promoting agents used to treat sleepiness due to narcolepsy, shift work sleep disorder, or obstructive sleep apnea. They are also used in other settings, often in [...]

    Essential Reads: Why Non-Randomized Studies Fall Short When Assessing Reproductive Safety

    All of our information on the reproductive safety of medications comes from non-randomized studies. However, many of these studies fail to take into consideration other factors associated with maternal psychiatric illness which may also affect outcomes.

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